{"id":2849,"date":"2011-12-01T21:18:00","date_gmt":"2011-12-01T21:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/?p=2849"},"modified":"2021-09-29T14:32:49","modified_gmt":"2021-09-29T14:32:49","slug":"scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/","title":{"rendered":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2849\" class=\"elementor elementor-2849\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2efc6673 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2efc6673\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7894677f\" data-id=\"7894677f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce95a8b elementor-hidden-phone elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1ce95a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84d472c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84d472c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4802885f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4802885f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fad734f\" data-id=\"6fad734f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-357d4ef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"357d4ef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Archambault, \u00c9., Beauchesne, O., C\u00f4t\u00e9, G., and Roberge, G. (2011).\u00a0Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration,\u00a0in B. Noyons, P. Ngulube, &amp; J. Leta\u00a0(Eds.),\u00a0<em>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics<\/em> (ISSI) (pp. 78\u201388).\u00a0Durban, South Africa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f65a6be elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f65a6be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2190c432\" data-id=\"2190c432\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8b5fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e8b5fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><p>Scientific collaboration is increasing on nearly all fronts. In most fields of inquiry, the proportions of multiple authors\u2019, multiple institutions\u2019, and multiple countries\u2019 papers have increased regularly since the birth of scientific journals. Two questions that are frequently asked are: how does collaboration compare from one place to the other, and how does the intensity of collaboration between partners compare in systems with multiple players? For obvious reasons, absolute numbers do not reveal much, but it has been known since the 1970s that the percentages of collaboration present an inverse relationship relative to the number of papers. This paper presents scale-independent methods to examine how frequently collaboration occurs as a function of size. In addition to these scale-adjusted statistics, which are based on the use of the Katz normalization method, this paper proposes a new method to compute a scale-adjusted preference index of collaboration between entities of various sizes. Examples are provided for the world, the European Research Area (ERA), and the US states, as well as for Canadian universities.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>See the postprint of the peer-reviewed publication here [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/pdf\/Scale-adjusted_metrics_of_scientific_collaboration.pdf\">PDF<\/a>].<\/p><p>Image credit: iStock Photo<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-420efe57\" data-id=\"420efe57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-325379b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"325379b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2851\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[14,25,39],"class_list":["post-2849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-peer-reviewed-papers","tag-bibliometrics","tag-indicator-development","tag-research-collaboration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Science-Metrix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1366\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beverley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beverley\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimation du temps de lecture\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beverley\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/c4f7df55ca5f7c6260c4fe0f92ee49c2\"},\"headline\":\"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\"},\"wordCount\":236,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"bibliometrics\",\"indicator development\",\"research collaboration\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Peer-reviewed papers\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\",\"name\":\"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1366},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Science-Metrix\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Science-Metrix\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Logo_SM_website.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Logo_SM_website.png\",\"width\":1493,\"height\":199,\"caption\":\"Science-Metrix\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/c4f7df55ca5f7c6260c4fe0f92ee49c2\",\"name\":\"Beverley\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58d54558acf2d2456339cb94d32fda0c3dc4ac8010e2ae226b71fe5b0f884bb3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58d54558acf2d2456339cb94d32fda0c3dc4ac8010e2ae226b71fe5b0f884bb3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Beverley\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/author\/beverley\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/","og_locale":"fr_CA","og_type":"article","og_title":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix","og_description":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)","og_url":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/","og_site_name":"Science-Metrix","article_published_time":"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2048,"height":1366,"url":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Beverley","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Beverley","Estimation du temps de lecture":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/"},"author":{"name":"Beverley","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/c4f7df55ca5f7c6260c4fe0f92ee49c2"},"headline":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration","datePublished":"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/"},"wordCount":236,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","keywords":["bibliometrics","indicator development","research collaboration"],"articleSection":["Peer-reviewed papers"],"inLanguage":"fr-CA"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/","url":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/","name":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration - Science-Metrix","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","datePublished":"2011-12-01T21:18:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-29T14:32:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","width":2048,"height":1366},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/scale-adjusted-metrics-of-scientific-collaboration\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Scale-adjusted metrics of scientific collaboration"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/","name":"Science-Metrix","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-CA"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#organization","name":"Science-Metrix","url":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Logo_SM_website.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Logo_SM_website.png","width":1493,"height":199,"caption":"Science-Metrix"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/c4f7df55ca5f7c6260c4fe0f92ee49c2","name":"Beverley","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-CA","@id":"https:\/\/www.science-metrix.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58d54558acf2d2456339cb94d32fda0c3dc4ac8010e2ae226b71fe5b0f884bb3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/58d54558acf2d2456339cb94d32fda0c3dc4ac8010e2ae226b71fe5b0f884bb3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Beverley"},"url":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/author\/beverley\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/iStock-859683826.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2849"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3366,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2849\/revisions\/3366"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-metrix.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}